6th International Symposium Oriental Studies

107 The 6 th International Symposium on Oriental Ancient Documents Studies fragment cannot join with other Tangut fragments with Tibetan transcription. The current preservation status of this fragment is unclear. The image of this fragment was published in “Documents from Khara-Khoto in the British Library” (Vol. IV, p. 198), quoted before in Tai (2008), and is now available on the International Dunhuang Project (IDP) website. The content of this fragment is collated in Tai (2008) as Cánpiàn 18, in Arakawa (2008), and in West (2011). Reconstruction of the damaged characters at line 5. Reconstruction of the first two damaged characters at line 5 as 竀紴 (Chinese rúlái 如來 ) “Tathāgata” is proposed by S. Arakawa (2008) (now it can be indirectly confirmed by the Tibetan transcription of the second character). Reconstruction of the third damaged character at line 5 as 索 (Chinese dì 帝 ) “ruler; king; emperor” is proposed by us in accordance with available Tibetan transcriptions, the visible part of the damaged Tangut character, and the sense of the text itself. The Tangut name of Buddha (Tathāgata) Indraketudhvajarāja mentioned in this part of the text appears in the fragment of the Tangut translation of the “Upāli’s Questions Regarding Determination of the Vinaya sūtra” ( Fóshuō Juédìng píní jīng 佛說決定毗尼 經 ) preserved as pressmark 6721 in Wuwei Museum: 羖备蟺磠索洱腲緽 (in reverse Chinese translation from Tangut: 南無焰紅帝幢王佛 ) “Homage to Indraketudhvajarāja Buddha” (see: Yu Guangjian and Xu Yuping 2011). The appearance of the character 索 before 洱腲 here confirms our reconstruction. (Russian “знаменитый” субурган) excavated by the Mongolia and Sichuan Expedition (1907–1909) of Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov during the end of May and beginning of June, 1909.