6th International Symposium Oriental Studies

The 6 th International Symposium on Oriental Ancient Documents Studies 34 wrote in Mongolian, or translated Buddhist scripts and classics from Sanskrit, Uygur, Chinese, and Tibetan to Mongolian. Fifth, a publishing agency was set up at the White Pagoda Temple ( 大聲壽萬安寺 Da sheng shou wan an Temple in Dadu, or Beijing), where Mongolian manuscripts and books were published under the efforts of Chos-kyi od-zer and others. Major manuscripts include the following: 1. Original and translated works by Chos-kyi od-zer. 2. Translated works by the highly achieved Mongol lama Shes-rab seng- ge. 3. Remnants of Yuan dynasty Mongolian manuscripts excavated in Tur‑ fan. 4. Medegdekün-i belgetey-e geigülügči ner-e-tü šastir by ’Phags-pa — 52 pages of later hand-written copies of Mongolian translation from the Yuan Dynasty. 5. Doluγan ebügen neretü odun-u sudur , translated by Biranasiri. 6. Mongolian manuscripts excavated in Khara-Khoto (Black City). 7. The ’Phags-pa script Mongolian manuscripts. 8. Sain ügetü erdeni-yin sang neretü šastir , written in Tibetan by Lama Kun-dga’-rgyal-mtshan (1182–1251) of the Sa-skya sect in Turfan. It was translated into Mongolian by Lama Sonumkar-a of the Vajrayana sect. 9. Mongolian monument inscriptions. North Yuan Dynasty Major Mongolian manuscripts include: 1. Historical manuscripts such as The Secret History of Yuan Dynasty . 2. Mongolian manuscripts excavated in Olan Süme . 3. Mongolian manuscript on birch bark excavated in Khar Bukhyn balgas. 4. Gan ǰ uur translated during the Ligden qaγan’s reign. 5. Other Mongolian manuscripts. Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty was another period when diverse cultures coexisted and thrived. As the dynasty was founded by the Manchu rulers, who were from the same nomadic root from the Mongol steppe, the royal court was keen on its efforts in utilizing multiple languages, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Tibet‑ an, Western Xia (Xi Xia), in keeping its manuscripts. Firstly, many scholars who were high ranking officials, or Lamas themselves conducted studies on