Япония: цивилизация, культура, язык 2024

ЯПОНИЯ: цивилизация, культура, язык 2024 468 year, rules on the leasing of public lands were regulated, establishing procedures for new residents to obtain parcels of land. According to them, a thousand tsubo 1 were granted for building a house, 3 thousand tsubo for land cultivation (if 70% of the plot was cultivated during the next 3-5 years, its territory was given for use without rent) and 50 thousand tsubo for pastures 2 . A particular contribution in the early stages of the region’s development was made by Sadatarō Hiraoka 平岡 定太郎 (1863-1942), who headed the Agency from 1908 to 1914. Under his leadership, the 300,000 chō 3 was set aside to provide favorable conditions for settler farmers, Karafuto’s annual revenues increased from 1,666,000 yen in 1907 to 2,261,000 yen in 1913 4 , and the Japanese population doubled to nearly 60 thousand people between 1910 and 1915. In order to diversify the economy, in 1908 a limit was imposed on the number of fishing grounds that cooperatives could use through leasing. On the one hand, the authorities encouraged the residents to seek alternative ways of making profits, and, on the other hand, they received greater profits. By 1914 it became clear that such restrictions did not solve the problem of seasonable migration. The new head Bunji Okada 岡田 文次 (1874-1943) abolished this limitation. Since then, fishing cooperatives have been able to conduct activities on their plots, resulting in an increase of permanent resident- fishermen and improved economic performance. 1 1 tsubo = 35.58 sq ft or 3.3 sq m. 2 Bazhenova, J. (2021). Karafuto v istorii Yaponskoy colonialnoy imperii [Karafuto in the history of the Japanese colonial empire]. Rossiya i ATR, 1. P.154. 3 1 chō = 2.45 acre. 4 Hara, T. (2017). Karafuto 40-nen no rekishi. 40-man nin no furusato [40 years of Karafuto history. Homeland of 400,000 people]. Tokyo: Zenkoku Karafuto Renmei. P.113.