Япония: цивилизация, культура, язык 2024

«ISSUES OF JAPANOLOGY, vol. 10» St-Petersburg State Univ 2024 471 By the next decade, a shift from light to heavy industry was evident amidst the economic crisis in the Japanese Empire. New enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy and aircraft construction were developed on the basis of military needs, while large old companies, experiencing mass disconnect due to social tensions, insisted on changing the country's foreign policy course. Unemployment continued to rise owing to inflation, wages were cut, small and medium-sized enterprises were closed. The Japanese economy began to need additional sources of cheap raw resources and markets, which after the outbreak of hostilities in China created a vicious circle, forcing continued expansion. Despite the crisis, the economic integration of Karafuto into the overall colonial system that began in the 1920s continued. In 1929, the Ministry of Colonial Affairs ( 拓務省 Takumushō ) was created, to which the “external lands” ( 外地 gaichi ) of the empire now become subordinate. Also, for an additional influx of labor, Korean residents who worked in the coal mines were sent to Karafuto more and more often. There were already eight pulp and paper mills in the region in 1925. In order to avoid bankruptcy and closure the idea of consolidation of the companies under a single management came up. In 1933, all three major pulp-paper companies in Karafuto were merged into one Dai-Ōji Paper Corporation, beginning by the mid-1930s to control up to 80% of the country’s pulp production 11 and one-third of its total paper output 12 . 11 Shinomiya, T. (1997). Kindai Nihon-seishi-gyō no kyōsō to kyōchō [Competition and cooperation in the modern Japanese paper industry]. Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha. P.112-113. 12 Sabirov, R. (2018). Ispolzovanie lesnih resursov Yuzhnogo Sakhalina v period gubernatorstva Karafuto (1905-1945) [Use of forest resources of