Ближний Восток и его соседи

g 170 h David Nicolle 18–19. Broken arrows have been found in abundance in all the major hoards which form the basis of this article. The largest number — indeed a quite remarkable num- ber — were found amongst late Mamlūk military material in CD5 of the Citadel of Damascus. They were not all found together but in what might be described as separate piles of junk from what is believed to have been an upstairs workshop in one of the Cit- adel’s arsenals. These broken arrows, along with the other more dramatic material, was then swept aside, much of it into sealed lightwells which once provided light, ventila- tion and perhaps even access by ropes and pulleys between this upstairs workshop and a ground-floor storage facility. One of the presumed “piles” of broken arrows consisted almost entirely of arrows for handheld bows (photo 18) while another seems largely to have consisted or arrows or more correctly bolts for crossbows (photo 19). (Syrian Department of Antiquities, Damascus; IFPO and author’s photographs). 20. One of the arrows from the Citadel of Aleppo had a corroded but finely forged head together with the binding which held it in place. The head is of a type which was found in many other parts of the medieval Islamic Middle East and indeed beyond. (Syrian National Museum, inv. A-5326, Damascus; DGMS photograph).