Ближний Восток и его соседи

g 67 h The Odyssey of the Andalusian Conquerors of Crete... and the style of its decorative elements became the standard that was widely imitated. 26 The suburb was also connected to the emir’s palace ( dār al-imārah ) built around the same time, situated on the banks of Guadalquivir. 27 The Mawāli of Rabaḍ, mainly small merchants and artisans, were in close connection not only to the Mozarabs but also to the Muslims, especially a dis- tinguished part of the well-educated Muslims, the fuqaḥā ’, with whom they shared their hatred for the emir Ḥakam. The Rebellion by the Mawāli of Rabad. on March 25, 818 (13 Ramad. ān, 202) and their Expulsion from Spain Ḥakam I governed with an iron hand and created constant unrest in the emir- ate of Cordoba during the entire period of his rule (796–822). 28 He entrusted the position of the chief collector of taxes to a Christian, named Rabi’, son of Theophilus, whom he also appointed as the leader of his personal guard, and thus he caused great animosity among the Muslims in the emirate. Worst of all, he recruited a large bodyguard, a squadron composed of black soldiers and Ṣaqāliba (of Slavic origin), who could not communicate with the people in Arabic and were arrogant and cruel. 29 His attitude caused a violent rebellion dated, according to the most reliable author Ibn Ḥayyān (d. 1076), 30 to the year mezquitas de al-Andalus a travès de las fuentas árabes (92/711–170/785)”, Al-Qanṭara 28 (1) (2007), 166 ff. 26 Barrucand and Bednorz, Moorish Architecture in Andalusia , 42. 27 H. Triki, “Al-Andalus, espacio de vida, o la majestuosa novia”, in El splendor de los Omeyas cordobeses , ed. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura a través de la Fondación El Legado Andalusí, Granada 2001, 183 (article: 178–196). 28 It should be noted that while the emir Ḥakam I became notorious for his cruelty, he was also an eloquent orator and poet; see Ibn Ḥayyān, “Mención de las virtudes del emir Alḥakam, q.e.p.d.”, in Crónica de los emires Alḥakam I y ‘Abdarraḥmān II entre los años 796 y 847 [Almuqtabis II-1] , 126–128. For the early years of Ḥakam I’s rule see R. Girela, La primera década del reinado de al-Ḥakam I , Madrid 2003. In addition to the Arabic sources reported further in this article, Ḥakam’s activities appear extensively in Ibn Idhāri, Al-Bayān al-Mughrib , ed. H. Mu’nis, I, Cairo 1963, 43–50, and in Ibn al-Abbār, Al-Ḥulla al-Siyārā’ , ed. G. S. Colin and E. Lévi Provençal, I, Beirut 1980, 38–45. 29 For a general account of these groups in Andalus see ‘A. Nāz, “Al-Ikhtilāfāt bayna al-‘Arab wa’l Barbar wa’l Ṣaqālibah fi al-Andalus”, Revue des études andaluses 22 (1999), 55–75. See also K. Sato, section 3.3 “Los Saqaliba entre los mawali de los Omeyas” , in “Los Saqaliba y la corte en la segunda mitad del siglo X”, in Al-Andalús y el Mediterráneo en torno al año Mil. La época de Almanzor , ed. A. Torremocha Silva and V. Martínez Enamorado, Algeciras 2003, 114 (article: 107–115); idem, “Slave elites and the Saqaliba in Al-Andalus in the Umayyad period”, in T. Miura and J. Philips, eds., Slave elites in the Middle East and Africa , London 2000, 25–40. 30 There is now an excellent Spanish translation of this work with useful introduction and an- notation by M. ‘Alī Makkī and F. Corriente, Crónica de los emires Alḥakam I y ‘Abdarraḥmān II