Ближний Восток и его соседи

g 68 h Vassilios Christides Ramaḍān 202 H (= spring of 818). 31 The same date also appears in Ibn Sa‘īd 32 and in the Akhbār Majmū‘a . 33 The rebellion of 818, inflamed by a dispute between a black soldier from Ḥakam’s bodyguard squadron and a merchant, caused an uprising mainly by the Mawāli of Rabaḍ, but was also supported by the majority of the population of Cordoba and especially by the educated fuqahā ‘ (theologians) who lived in the quarter of Arrabel del Sur, the theologians’ quarter, in the southern part of the capital. 34 Ḥakam’s suppression of the rebellion was brutal; for three days his forces ruthlessly pillaged the houses of Rabaḍ and pitilessly massacred its in- habitants, among whom three hundred notables were crucified. 35 Of those spared only a few were men, the majority were women and children. The whole area of Rabaḍ was leveled to the ground and remained deserted for a long period. Ḥakam avoided a confrontation with the fuqahā ‘ who had sided with the rebels and he offered them and their families amān (official pardon), 36 skillful- ly applying the policy of “stick and carrot”, as pointed out by Maribel Fierro. 37 He even pardoned the few thousand remnants of the inhabitants of Rabaḍ who had survived, and he agreed to offer them the amān under the condition that entre los años 796 y 847, op. cit., note 9 above. See also Bruna Soravia, “ Ibn Ḥayyān, historien du siècle des Taifas. Une relecture de Ḏaḫīra, I/2, 573–602”, in Al-Qanṭara 20 (1999), 104–105 and n. 23: “Bien qu’aucun historien sérieux ne monterait aujourd’hui pour Ibn Ḥayyān la même admi- ration qu’aussi bien Dozy qu’Evariste Lévi-Provençal lui ont temoignée, un préjugé favorable persiste néanmoins à l’égard de sa vision historique, comme si ce n’était pas elle- même un produit de son temps et des intérêts dont Ibn Ḥayyān se fit le représentant.” See also L. Molina, “Técnicas de amplificatio en el Muqtabis de Ibn Ḥayyān”, Talia Dixit 1 (2006), 55–79. 31 Ibn Ḥayyān, Crónica de los emires Alḥakam I y ‘Abdarraḥmān II entre los años 796 y 847, 57. 32 Ibn Sa‘īd (Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī ), Kitāb al-Mughrib fī ḥulā al-Maghrib , ed. Shawqī Dayf, I, Cairo1964, 42. For the reliability of Ibn Sa‘īd see María Jesús Viguera, “Ibn Sa‘īd entre al-Andalus, Magreb y Oriente”, Jábega 97 (2008), 121–127. 33 D. James, A History of Early Al-Andalus. The Akhbār Majmū‘a . A Study of the Unique Arabic Manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France , Paris with a translation, notes and com- ments, London and New York 2012, p. 121, where there is also a poem by Ḥakam in which he defends the slaughtering of the rebels in Rabaḍ. For the authors of the Akhbār , see Dolores Oli- ver Pérez, “Los autores del Ajbār maŷmūa‘a: Los Tammām b. ‘Al-qama?” Anaquel de Estudios Árabes 12 (2001), 513–554. 34 For the social dimensions of this rebellion see Maribel Fierro, “Las hijas de al-Ḥakam I y la revuelta del Arrabal”, Al-Qanṭara 24.1 (2003), 213 (article: 209–215). For the fuqahā’ of Cordoba at that time see P. Guichard, “Córdoba, de la conquista musulmana a la conquista cristiana”, Awraq  7 (2013), 14 (article: 5–24). 35 Ibn Ḥayyān, Crónica de los emires Alḥakam I y ‘Abdarraḥmān II entre los años 796 y 847, 58. 36 Ibn Sa‘īd (Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī), Kitāb al-Mughrib fī ḥulā al-Maghrib , 42. 37 Fierro, “Las hijas de al-Ḥakam I y la revuelta del Arrabal”, 211; see also K. Athamina, “The ‘Ulamā’ in the Opposition: the “Stick and the Carrot” Policy in Early Islam”, The Islamic Quar- terly 36 (1992), 153–178.