«Тахиййат»: Сборник статей в честь Н. Н. Дьякова

m 148 n John Masson Smith, Jr. Amongst arms [this Chaghatay Mongol Khan] preferred to trust to the sword. He used to say that of arms there are, the shash-par (six-flanged mace), the piy § z Ê ( (rugged mace), the k Ê stin [perhaps a ball-and-chain weapon], the tabar-z Ê n (saddle- hatchet and the bāltu (battle-axe), all, if they strike, work only with what of them first touches, but the sword, if it touch, works from point to hilt 1 . Lances often appear in the Rashid 1309 pictures, but seldom in the writ- ten sources 2 , probably because of the usually-static role of the heavy cavalry. The important exception is the decisive charge of lancers in the battle of at Huan-ehr-tsui 3 . The defeat of the attack by the Chaghatayid general, Jalay- irtai, with four thousand mailed horsemen by the counter-charge of Ilkhan Abaqa’s troops with “steel javelins” in the battle of Herat (1269) between Abaqa and Boraq Chagatay 4 may be another example. Note that the Mam- luks, although thoroughly trained with lances, dropped theirs when charging at the second battle of W § d Ê al Khaznad § r in 1299, preferring the sword 5 ; the Diez A, fol. 70 painting 6 , which I believe illustrates this charge, shows the dropped lances. Michal Biran considers lances (along with bows and arrows, and swords) to have been “vital to Qaidu’s army”, but as a weapon for hand- to-hand fighting, it seems inappropriate for light cavalry that avoided such fighting, and, as Biran remarks,“[a]rmor and helmets ... [seem not to have been] allocated to the whole army” 7 . Swords were probably the most costly of the Mongols’ weapons, and, judging by the small number of swords (and no scabbards) illustrated in the Rashid 1309 8 , not easily available until perhaps the thirteen-twenties or -thirties when pervasively illustrated in the Demotte Shahnāma 9 . By then it was probably the favorite auxiliary weapon of both heavy and light Mongol 1 Bābur-nāma , Beveridge trans., 160–61, fol. 103. 2 SH, § 170 and 195 mention the swords and lances of the Uru’ ud and Mangqud. 3 Martin, 141 and 336–37. 4 Martinez, 153–54, quoting Saif-i Haraw Ê , The Ta ’ rkh Nama- Ê - Har § t , ed. M. Z. As-Sid- diqi. Calcutta, 1944. 303ff. 5 As mentioned by Maqr Ê z Ê , 2.2: 146. 6 Phillips, plate no. 20 (picture reversed). 7 Biran M. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Rich- mond, Surrey UK: Curzon,1997. P. 86. 8 In Rashid 1309, some soldiers carry or fight with bared swords; none is shown wearing a scabbard: see p. 82, pl. 22 (no scabbards); 144, pl. 53 (no scabbard visible); 124, pl. 43 (no scabbard visible). 9 In the 1336 “Demotte” Shahnāma all the soldiers have swords except in pl. 31.