«Тахиййат»: Сборник статей в честь Н. Н. Дьякова

m 170 n George Tsoutsos, Christos Teazis term “χάρτης” (map) has Greek etymological origin (e.g., Carte, Landkarte, Harta, Karta, etc.) 1 In the Arabic influences on the cartographic work of Piri Reis we should in- clude the religion factor. The Islamic law determined the actions of the Muslim pirates on personal as well as on state level, especially the rules of Gaza and Cihat. Any violation of these rules entails severe sanctions 2 . Questions are raised for the Arabic influence generally on the Ottoman know-how concerning navigation. Thus, many types of Ottoman ships have Arabic names such as maune , mavuna or mavna 3 . Castello supports the idea that “with the appearance of the Ottoman Empire on the East side of the Medi- terranean, a great part of the geographical and nautical tradition of the Arabs passed to the Turks, among whom there were excellent sailors and navigators” 4 . When Piri Reis maps Crete, he is obviously confusing ancient Greek my- thology about Crete with the Arab occupation of the island In conclusion, we should stress the difference between the Ottoman pi- rates and the scientific knowledge of Piri Reis. A scientific knowledge which consciously or unconsciously he developed according to the ancient Greek perception that experience leads science. As characteristically Aristotle reports “Επιστήμη και τέχνη δια της εμπειρίας τοις ανθρώποις” (“science and art are gained by the humanity through experience”) 5 . In this way Piri Reis, since he was brought up in a marine environment, was taught a lot by his uncle Kemal Reis and, eventually, he used the experience, that he acquired in course of his life and that was given to him by his occupation related to the sea, in order to indulge in the science of cartography. 1 Pentium: Greek-English, Grec-Français, Griechisch-Deutsch, Greco-Italiano. Publishing Organization Computers Th.N. Christopoulos. Athens, 1996. P. 1661. 2 Bostan İ. Osmanlılar ve Deniz , Deniz Politikaları, Teşkilat Gemiler. İstanbul: Küre. P. 12. 3 Devellioğlu F. Op.cit., p. 587, and Proias , Op.cit., p.1538–39. 4 Castello F. Arab Cartography // Aspects of Arab Seafaring. Ed. Y.Y. Al-Hijji, V. Chris- tides. Athens, 2002. P. 82. 5 Papastamatiou S., Hatiras A. Απόφθεγμα σοφίας. Athens: Atlas, 1979. P. 278.