6th International Symposium Oriental Studies

The 6 th International Symposium on Oriental Ancient Documents Studies 66 Three imperial patents given to one family clearly show that the Qing state awarded heroic deeds and promoted in rank not only the hero, but his wife and his ancestors at least in two generations. The case of Gong Wenjai is a clear demonstration of the state filial piety principle: devoted service to the emperor guaranteed not only subject’s promotion in the rank, but also awards to his deceased parents, whose spirits support and help him in his state service. Key words: the Qing dynasty, imperial patent, Manchu-Chinese scrolls, filial piety, Institute of Oriental manuscripts.